Network & Blockchain Engineering

Routing Around Failure

DuctIO · Overlay · VPN — three layers, one stack

DUCT is a team of networking and blockchain engineers. We build DuctIO, a high-performance I/O runtime; an overlay that keeps routes alive through NAT, firewall, partition, and DPI; and a VPN service on top. No central routing server.

3 Layers
<200ms Failover
~56ms Overlay RTT
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01 — DuctIO

I/O Runtime

A C framework for high-throughput network services. I/O threads handle epoll and raw sockets; worker threads run crypto, framing, and protocol logic — connected by lock-free queues.

L4

I/O / Worker Split

Dedicated I/O threads read and write fds via epoll. Workers never touch sockets — they decrypt, parse, and dispatch frames through callbacks. Clean separation, predictable latency.

epoll → OLB → WFQ → on_frame
L5

Lock-Free Data Path

Ring buffers (OLB) for RX/TX transfer. Weighted fair queues (WFQ) between I/O and workers. Session and connection tables use CAS — no mutex on the hot path.

conn slab · session table · timer heap
L6+

Pluggable Protocols

Protocols and transport adapters load as shared libraries. Implement on_frame and on_timer — the runtime handles sessions, framing, and backpressure.

dlopen("my_proto.so") → duct_proto_t
02 — Overlay

Routing Around Failure

A decentralized overlay network: bootstrap, discovery, routing, and data plane. Nodes find each other by cryptographic NodeID and build relay paths when direct IP is unavailable.

Live mesh topology visualization

Decentralized

DHT-based node discovery. NodeID = SHA256(Ed25519) — your cryptographic address, not an IP.

Encrypted

Ed25519 on control plane. X25519 + ChaCha20-Poly1305 on data. No unencrypted modes.

Self-Healing

Source routing with failover FSM. Primary + backup routes, link scoring. Sub-200ms route switch.

03 — VPN

Encrypted Access

A consumer-facing VPN built on DuctIO and the overlay. Your traffic rides encrypted relay paths — censorship-resistant, decentralized, and designed to ship as a standalone product.

01

Overlay-Native

VPN sessions run over the overlay data plane — not a single central gateway. Traffic finds paths through relays when direct routes fail.

your traffic → overlay → exit
02

Multi-Interface Sessions

A VPN session binds network and TUN interfaces under one DuctIO session — multiplexed streams, generation-checked handles, clean lifecycle.

session: network conn + TUN conn
03

Standalone Product

VPN is the first consumer service in the DUCT suite. It may launch as a separate product — the overlay and I/O runtime remain the shared foundation underneath.

DuctIO → Overlay → VPN
04 — Simulation

Route Puzzle

Rotate pipes to build a working route from source to exit. Every click is a hop. No central planner — you are the router.

Route Puzzle

Build a route from S to E through the overlay.
Click to rotate pipes. Find the path before time runs out.